Beginner’s Guide to HSK 1 Edition 2025: Format, Vocabulary, and How to Prepare
But what exactly does HSK 1 involve? What vocabulary and grammar do you need to know? How can you prepare effectively?
This guide breaks it all down in a clear, beginner-friendly way, perfect for anyone searching for practical info on HSK Level 1.
What Is HSK 1?
HSK (中文水平考试) is the official Chinese proficiency test organized by Chinese Testing International (CTI). The HSK is widely recognized by universities, employers, and language programs worldwide.
HSK 1 is the first and most basic level, designed for learners who have studied Mandarin for around 3–6 months or completed 150 hours of study. It uses simplified Chinese characters and is available in both paper-based and digital formats.
HSK 1 Overview
| Test Content | Tasks | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| Listening | 4 sections | 5 questions per section - Total 20 questions |
| Reading | 4 sections | 5 questions per section – Total 20 questions |
| Total | 40 questions |
There is no writing section in HSK 1. You’re not expected to write characters—only recognize them.
The entire test takes around 40 minutes, including time to fill in your answer sheet.
HSK 1 Vocabulary: 150 Words
The test covers 150 essential Chinese words, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, and question words. These form the foundation of everyday communication.
Some examples:
你 (nǐ) – you
吃 (chī) – to eat
水 (shuǐ) – water
很 (hěn) – very
什么 (shénme) – what
HSK 1 Grammar You Need to Know
HSK 1 grammar is simple, but it’s the core of spoken Mandarin. Key patterns include:
Subject-Verb-Object sentence structure: 我爱你 (wǒ ài nǐ) – I love you
Negation: 我不是老师 (wǒ bú shì lǎoshī) – I’m not a teacher
Questions with 吗 or 呢: 你好吗？(nǐ hǎo ma?) – How are you?
Expressing possession with 的: 我的名字 (wǒ de míngzì) – my name
Mastering these will help you express basic ideas in daily situations.
How to Prepare for HSK 1
1. Focus on Vocabulary
The vocabulary list is fixed, so make sure you recognize every word, both in Pinyin and characters.
2. Practice Listening
HSK 1 tests your ability to understand basic spoken Chinese. Use audio resources and practice with mock test recordings.
3. Take Mock Tests
Mock tests help you get familiar with the test format, question style, and timing.
4. Learn in Context
Use simple dialogues, example sentences, and HSK 1-level videos or apps to absorb grammar and vocab in real-life context.
Who Should Take HSK 1?
HSK 1 is ideal if you:
Are a complete beginner in Chinese
Want a clear study goal to start your Mandarin journey
Plan to study or work in China later
Enjoy having a structured benchmark of your skills
Even if you don’t plan to take the actual test, HSK 1 is a great framework to guide your learning.
FAQ
Is HSK 1 hard?
Not really. It’s designed for beginners and uses simple vocabulary, slow recordings, and clear questions.
Do I need to know Chinese characters?
Yes—but only to recognize, not to write. Knowing Pinyin also helps a lot.
Can I pass without taking a course?
Yes. Many learners prepare on their own using textbooks, apps, and mock tests online.
Final Thoughts
HSK 1 is more than just a test—it’s a great starting point for anyone learning Mandarin. Whether you’re preparing to take the exam or just want to build your basic skills, focusing on the 150 words, essential grammar, and regular practice will get you there.
